Miscarriage: Causes, Recovery and When to Seek Help

Miscarriage is the loss of a pregnancy before 24 weeks. It is far more common than most people realise — approximately one in four confirmed pregnancies ends in miscarriage, with the vast majority occurring in the first 12 weeks. Despite its frequency, it remains a subject that many women feel they cannot discuss openly, which can make the experience even more isolating.

The most common cause of miscarriage is a chromosomal abnormality in the embryo — a random event that occurs during fertilisation and is not caused by anything the mother did or did not do. Other causes include problems with the uterus or cervix, hormonal imbalances, blood clotting disorders, and certain infections. In many cases, however, no specific cause is identified.

It is important to know what does not cause miscarriage. Exercise, working, stress, a single cup of coffee a day, and normal daily activities do not cause miscarriage. The pregnancy cannot be 'shaken loose' or lost through routine movement. Blaming yourself serves no medical purpose and only adds to the emotional burden.

Physical recovery from a miscarriage varies depending on how far along the pregnancy was and how the loss was managed. Some women pass the pregnancy naturally, while others may need medication or a minor procedure (such as a D&C) to complete the process. Bleeding typically lasts one to two weeks. Your doctor will arrange a follow-up to ensure the pregnancy tissue has passed completely.

Emotional recovery often takes longer than physical recovery. Grief, anger, guilt, and sadness are all normal responses. There is no timeline for healing, and it is important to give yourself permission to feel whatever you feel. Many women find it helpful to talk to their partner, a trusted friend, or a counsellor. Support groups — both in person and online — can also provide comfort from others who understand.

Recurrent miscarriage — defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses — affects approximately one per cent of women. This warrants specialist investigation, which may include blood tests for clotting disorders and immune conditions, ultrasound assessment of the uterus, genetic testing of both partners, and hormone evaluation. Dr. Kartik Balaraman has particular experience in recurrent miscarriage investigation and management, and many couples go on to have successful pregnancies with the right care.